Does career success have anything to do with what you look like? According to a recent study (Judge & Cable, 2011), the answer is yes. From the same people who explained that height may influence salary (Judge & Cable, 2004), now it seems weight can also influence salary. Drawing from cultivation theory, or the idea that people are slowly drawn to accept social norms promoted by the media, they say it actually pays to be the “ideal” weight.
THE ROLE OF BODYWEIGHT IN DETERMINING SALARY
So what exactly is the “ideal” weight? Not surprisingly, the answer is different for men and women. The authors say underweight men are actually punished with smaller salaries, presumably because they have violated gender-role norms by being too skinny. Men are paid more with increased weight, up to the point of obesity, when salaries start to gradually decline. For women, a very different pattern emerged. Underweight women had the highest salaries, and salaries decreased with additional weight gain.
But not all weight gain is equal. In one study, the salary decrease between average versus underweight women was twice the decrease between average weight women and overweight women. According to the researchers, this is because the media has long been portraying increasingly thinner women as being ideally attractive, and the workplace has discriminated accordingly. Once women violate this ideal and become average weight, they may already be seen as “letting themselves go,” so any further weight gain is not as detrimental.
These results came from two detailed studies that examined participants’ weight and salary, while controlling for a plethora of variables that could also influence salary. These include age, health, type of job, marital status, education, and several others. The differences in salary due to weight amounted to thousands of dollars in each study, underscoring the importance of studying this phenomenon.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
This research is important, say the authors, because any individual differences not related to job performance may present a form of discrimination that should be acknowledged and eliminated. In this study, they suggest that weight discrimination is not limited to the obese, but instead disparately affects both men and women across all weight levels.
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